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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q114-Q119):
NEW QUESTION # 114
The network team has provided a PCAP file withsuspicious activity located in the Investigations folderon the Desktop titled, investigation22.pcap.
What date was the webshell accessed? Enter the formatas YYYY-MM-DD.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To determine thedate the webshell was accessedfrom theinvestigation22.pcapfile, follow these detailed steps:
Step 1: Access the PCAP File
* Log into the Analyst Desktop.
* Navigate to theInvestigationsfolder on the desktop.
* Locate the file:
investigation22.pcap
Step 2: Open the PCAP File in Wireshark
* LaunchWireshark.
* Open the PCAP file:
mathematica
File > Open > Desktop > Investigations > investigation22.pcap
* ClickOpento load the file.
Step 3: Filter for Webshell Traffic
* Since webshells typically useHTTP/Sto communicate, apply a filter:
http.request or http.response
* Alternatively, if you know the IP of the compromised host (e.g.,10.10.44.200), use:
nginx
http and ip.addr == 10.10.44.200
* PressEnterto apply the filter.
Step 4: Identify Webshell Activity
* Look for HTTP requests that include:
* Common Webshell Filenames:shell.jsp, cmd.php, backdoor.aspx, etc.
* Suspicious HTTP Methods:MainlyPOSTorGET.
* Right-click a suspicious packet and choose:
arduino
Follow > HTTP Stream
* Inspect the HTTP headers and content to confirm the presence of a webshell.
Step 5: Extract the Access Date
* Look at theHTTP request/response header.
* Find theDatefield orTimestampof the packet:
* Wireshark displays timestamps on the left by default.
* Confirm theHTTP streamincludes commands or uploads to the webshell.
Example HTTP Stream:
POST /uploads/shell.jsp HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.44.200
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
Date: Mon, 2024-03-18 14:35:22 GMT
Step 6: Verify the Correct Date
* Double-check other HTTP requests or responses related to the webshell.
* Make sure thedate fieldis consistent across multiple requests to the same file.
2024-03-18
Step 7: Document the Finding
* Date of Access:2024-03-18
* Filename:shell.jsp (as identified earlier)
* Compromised Host:10.10.44.200
* Method of Access:HTTP POST
Step 8: Next Steps
* Isolate the Affected Host:
* Remove the compromised server from the network.
* Remove the Webshell:
rm /path/to/webshell/shell.jsp
* Analyze Web Server Logs:
* Correlate timestamps with access logs to identify the initial compromise.
* Implement WAF Rules:
* Block suspicious patterns related to file uploads and webshell execution.
NEW QUESTION # 115
Which of the following is a technique for detecting anomalous network behavior that evolves using large data sets and algorithms?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Machine learning-based analysis is a technique that detectsanomalous network behaviorby:
* Learning Patterns:Uses algorithms to understand normal network traffic patterns.
* Anomaly Detection:Identifies deviations from established baselines, which may indicate potential threats.
* Adaptability:Continuously evolves as new data is introduced, making it more effective at detecting novel attack methods.
* Applications:Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) and behavioral analytics platforms.
Incorrect Options:
* B. Statistical analysis:While useful, it does not evolve or adapt as machine learning does.
* C. Rule-based analysis:Uses predefined rules, not dynamic learning.
* D. Signature-based analysis:Detects known patterns rather than learning new ones.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 8, Section "Advanced Threat Detection," Subsection "Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection" - Machine learning methods are effective for identifying evolving network anomalies.
NEW QUESTION # 116
The user of the Accounting workstation reported thattheir calculator repeatedly opens without their input.
Perform a query of startup items for the agent.nameaccounting-pc in the SIEM for the last 24 hours.
Identifythe file name that triggered RuleName SuspiciousPowerShell. Enter your response below. Your responsemust include the file extension.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To identify thefile namethat triggered theRuleName: Suspicious PowerShellon theaccounting-pc workstation, follow these detailed steps:
Step 1: Access the SIEM System
* Open your web browser and navigate to theSIEM dashboard.
* Log in with youradministrator credentials.
Step 2: Set Up the Query
* Go to theSearchorQuerysection of the SIEM.
* Set theTime Rangeto thelast 24 hours.
Query Parameters:
* Agent Name:accounting-pc
* Rule Name:Suspicious PowerShell
* Event Type:Startup items or Process creation
Step 3: Construct the SIEM Query
Here's an example of how to construct the query:
Example Query (Splunk):
index=windows_logs
| search agent.name="accounting-pc" RuleName="Suspicious PowerShell"
| where _time > now() - 24h
| table _time, agent.name, process_name, file_path, RuleName
Example Query (Elastic SIEM):
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{ "match": { "agent.name": "accounting-pc" }},
{ "match": { "RuleName": "Suspicious PowerShell" }},
{ "range": { "@timestamp": { "gte": "now-24h" }}}
]
}
}
}
Step 4: Analyze the Query Results
* The query should return a table or list containing:
* Time of Execution
* Agent Name:accounting-pc
* Process Name
* File Path
* Rule Name
Example Output:
_time
agent.name
process_name
file_path
RuleName
2024-04-07T10:45:23
accounting-pc
powershell.exe
C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoamingcalc.ps1
Suspicious PowerShell
Step 5: Identify the Suspicious File
* Theprocess_namein the output showspowershell.exeexecuting a suspicious script.
* Thefile pathindicates the script responsible:
makefile
C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoamingcalc.ps1
* The suspicious script file is:
calc.ps1
Step 6: Confirm the Malicious Nature
* Manual Inspection:
* Navigate to the specified file path on theaccounting-pcworkstation.
* Check the contents of calc.ps1 for any malicious PowerShell code.
* Hash Verification:
* Generate theSHA256 hashof the file and compare it with known malware signatures.
calc.ps1
Step 7: Immediate Response
* Isolate the Workstation:Disconnectaccounting-pcfrom the network.
* Terminate the Malicious Process:
* Stop the powershell.exe process running calc.ps1.
* Use Task Manager or a script:
powershell
Stop-Process -Name "powershell" -Force
* Remove the Malicious Script:
powershell
Remove-Item "C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoamingcalc.ps1" -Force
* Scan for Persistence Mechanisms:
* CheckStartup itemsandScheduled Tasksfor any references to calc.ps1.
Step 8: Documentation
* Record the following:
* Date and Time:When the incident was detected.
* Affected Host:accounting-pc
* Malicious File:calc.ps1
* Actions Taken:File removal and process termination.
NEW QUESTION # 117
Which of the following is the MOST effective way to obtain business owner approval of cybersecurity initiatives across an organisation?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Themost effective way to obtain business owner approvalfor cybersecurity initiatives is tocreate a steering committeethat includes key stakeholders from different departments. This approach works because:
* Inclusive Decision-Making:Involving business owners in a structured committee fosters collaboration and buy-in.
* Alignment with Business Goals:A steering committee ensures that cybersecurity initiatives align with the organization's strategic objectives.
* Regular Communication:Provides a formal platform to present cybersecurity challenges, proposed solutions, and progress updates.
* Informed Decisions:Business owners are more likely to support initiatives when they understand the risks and benefits.
* Consensus Building:A committee fosters a sense of ownership and shared responsibility for cybersecurity.
Other options analysis:
* A. Provide data classifications:While useful for identifying data sensitivity, this alone does not directly gain approval.
* C. Generate progress reports:These are informative but lack the strategic collaboration needed for decision-making.
* D. Conduct an Internal audit:Helps assess current security posture but does not engage business owners proactively.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 2: Governance and Management:Discusses forming committees for cross-functional decision-making.
* Chapter 5: Risk Management Strategies:Emphasizes stakeholder engagement through structured groups.
NEW QUESTION # 118
Which of the following should be the ULTIMATE outcome of adopting enterprise governance of information and technology in cybersecurity?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Theultimate outcome of adopting enterprise governance of information and technologyin cybersecurity is value creationbecause:
* Strategic Alignment:Ensures that cybersecurity initiatives support business objectives.
* Efficient Use of Resources:Enhances operational efficiency by integrating security practices seamlessly.
* Risk Optimization:Minimizes the risk impact on business operations while maintaining productivity.
* Business Enablement:Strengthens trust with stakeholders by demonstrating robust governance and security.
Other options analysis:
* A. Business resilience:Important, but resilience is part of value creation, not the sole outcome.
* B. Risk optimization:A component of governance but not the final goal.
* C. Resource optimization:Helps achieve value but is not the ultimate outcome.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 2: Cyber Governance and Strategy:Explains how value creation is the core goal of governance.
* Chapter 10: Strategic IT and Cybersecurity Alignment:Discusses balancing security with business value.
NEW QUESTION # 119
......
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